Taw qhia rau paj rwb thiab Cellulose
Paj rwb, ib qho fiber ntau muab tau los ntawm cov paj rwb, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cellulose. Cellulose, complex carbohydrate, yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes hauv cov nroj tsuag, muab kev txhawb nqa. Extracting ntshiab cellulose los ntawm paj rwb yuav cais cov cellulose fibers los ntawm lwm yam khoom ntawm paj rwb, xws li lignin, hemicellulose, thiab pectin.
Cotton Plant Anatomy
Nkag siab txog lub cev ntawm cov paj paj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm cellulose. Paj rwb fibers yog noob trichomes, uas tsim los ntawm cov epidermal hlwb ntawm paj rwb noob. Cov fibers no feem ntau yog cellulose, nrog me me ntawm cov proteins, waxes, thiab qab zib. Cov paj rwb fibers loj hlob hauv bolls, uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas npog cov noob.
Cellulose Extraction txheej txheem
Kev sau qoob loo: Cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev sau qoob loo cog qoob loo los ntawm cov paj paj. Mechanical harvesting yog txoj kev tshaj plaws, uas cov cav tov tshem tawm cov bolls ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Ginning: Tom qab sau, cov paj rwb tau ginning, qhov twg cov noob tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov fibers. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog hla cov paj rwb los ntawm gin machinery uas tshem tawm cov noob ntawm fibers.
Ntxuav: Thaum sib cais los ntawm cov noob, cov paj rwb fibers tau ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov impurities xws li av, nplooj, thiab lwm yam khoom siv cog. Cov kauj ruam no xyuas kom meej tias cov cellulose rho tawm yog siab purity.
Carding: Carding yog cov txheej txheem kho tshuab uas ua kom cov paj rwb fibers mus rau hauv lub vev xaib nyias. Nws tshem tawm cov impurities seem thiab kho cov fibers hauv kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Degumming: paj rwb fibers muaj tej yam ntuj tso impurities xws li waxes, pectins, thiab hemicelluloses, collectively hu ua "gum." Degumming yuav kho cov paj rwb fibers nrog alkaline daws los yog enzymes kom tshem tawm cov impurities.
Bleaching: Bleaching yog ib qho kev xaiv tab sis feem ntau yog ua hauj lwm los ntxuav cov cellulose fibers thiab txhim kho lawv cov xim dawb. Ntau yam tshuaj bleaching xws li hydrogen peroxide lossis chlorine derivatives tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem no.
Mercerization: Mercerization yuav kho cov cellulose fibers nrog cov tshuaj caustic alkali, feem ntau yog sodium hydroxide. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov fibers 'lub zog, luster, thiab affinity rau dyes, ua rau lawv haum rau ntau yam kev siv.
Acid Hydrolysis: Qee qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam, cov kua qaub hydrolysis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntxiv txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov cellulose rau hauv cov khoom me me, ntau yam sib xws. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev kho cov cellulose nrog dilute acid nyob rau hauv kev tswj xyuas kom hydrolyze glycosidic bonds, yielding luv cellulose chains los yog cellulose nanocrystals.
Ntxuav thiab ziab: Ua raws li cov tshuaj kho mob, cov cellulose fibers raug ntxuav kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj seem lossis impurities. Tom qab ntawd, cov fibers tau qhuav mus rau qhov xav tau noo noo cov ntsiab lus.
Kev siv ntawm Pure Cellulose
Ntshiab cellulose tau los ntawm paj rwb pom daim ntaub ntawv hla ntau yam lag luam:
Textiles: Cellulose fibers yog spun rau hauv yarns thiab woven rau hauv fabrics rau khaub ncaws, tsev textiles, thiab industrial daim ntaub ntawv.
Daim ntawv thiab Paperboard: Cellulose yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv, ntawv, thiab cov khoom siv duab los qhia.
Biofuels: Cellulose tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv biofuels xws li ethanol los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li enzymatic hydrolysis thiab fermentation.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab Pharmaceutical Industries: Cellulose derivatives yog siv los ua thickeners, stabilizers, thiab emulsifiers hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce: Cellulose derivatives yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom tu tus kheej rau lawv cov thickening thiab stabilizing zog.
Extracting ntshiab cellulose los ntawm paj rwb yuav muaj ib tug series ntawm txhua yam thiab tshuaj txheej txheem tsom ntawm kev cais cov cellulose fibers los ntawm lwm yam Cheebtsam ntawm paj rwb thiab purifying lawv. Kev nkag siab txog lub cev ntawm cov paj rwb thiab siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog xws li ginning, degumming, bleaching, thiab mercerization yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kom tau txais cov khoom zoo ntawm cov cellulose. Cov ntshiab cellulose tau los ntawm paj rwb muaj ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam, xws li textiles thiab papermaking mus rau biofuels thiab kws tshuaj, ua rau nws muaj ntau yam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-25-2024