1. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev tuav dej
Txhua yam ntawm cov hauv paus uas xav tau mortar rau kev tsim kho muaj qee qhov kev nqus dej. Tom qab lub hauv paus txheej absorbs dej nyob rau hauv lub mortar, lub constructability ntawm lub mortar yuav deteriorated, thiab nyob rau hauv loj heev zaum, cov cementitious cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub mortar yuav tsis tau tag nrho hydrated, ua rau tsis muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog interface ntawm lub hardened mortar. thiab lub hauv paus txheej, ua rau lub mortar tawg thiab poob. Yog hais tias lub plastering mortar muaj qhov tsim nyog cov dej tuav kev ua tau zoo, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev tsim kho ntawm mortar, tab sis kuj ua rau cov dej hauv cov mortar nyuaj rau absorbed los ntawm lub hauv paus txheej thiab xyuas kom muaj dej txaus ntawm cov cement.
2. Teeb meem nrog txoj kev tuav dej ib txwm muaj
Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog kom dej lub hauv paus, tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub meej tias lub hauv paus yog tusyees moistened. Lub hom phiaj hydration zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cement mortar ntawm lub hauv paus yog cov khoom siv cement hydration absorbs dej nrog rau lub hauv paus, nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus, thiab tsim kom muaj "kev sib txuas tseem ceeb" nrog lub hauv paus, thiaj li ua tiav qhov kev sib cog lus yuav tsum muaj zog. Kev ywg dej ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv cov dej nqus ntawm lub hauv paus vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm watering, thiab watering uniformity. Lub hauv paus muaj qhov nqus dej tsawg dua thiab yuav txuas ntxiv nqus cov dej hauv cov mortar. Ua ntej cov cement hydration pib, cov dej yog absorbed, uas cuam tshuam cov cement hydration thiab nkag mus rau cov khoom hydration rau hauv matrix; lub hauv paus muaj qhov nqus dej loj, thiab cov dej hauv cov mortar ntws mus rau hauv paus. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws yog qeeb, thiab txawm tias cov dej nplua nuj txheej yog tsim ntawm mortar thiab matrix, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov txheej txheem dej hauv paus yuav tsis tsuas yog ua tsis tau zoo los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nqus dej siab ntawm phab ntsa hauv paus, tab sis yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov mortar thiab lub hauv paus, uas ua rau hollowing thiab tawg.
3. Yuav tsum muaj cov mortar sib txawv rau kev tuav dej
Cov dej tuav tus nqi lub hom phiaj rau plastering mortar khoom siv nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw thiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas zoo sib xws kub thiab av noo tej yam kev mob yog npaj rau hauv qab no.
① High nqus dej substrate plastering mortar
High water absorption substrates sawv cev los ntawm huab cua-entrained pob zeb, nrog rau ntau yam sib sib zog nqus boards, blocks, thiab lwm yam., muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej nqus dej loj thiab ntev ntev. Lub plastering mortar siv rau hom txheej txheej no yuav tsum muaj cov dej tuav tsis pub tsawg dua 88%.
② Tsawg nqus dej substrate plastering mortar
Cov dej nqus dej tsawg uas sawv cev los ntawm cov pob zeb cam khwb cia hauv qhov chaw, suav nrog polystyrene boards rau sab nrauv phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev, thiab lwm yam, muaj qhov nqus dej me me. Lub plastering mortar siv rau cov substrates yuav tsum muaj cov dej tuav tsis pub tsawg tshaj 88%.
③ Nyias txheej plastering mortar
Thin-txheej plastering yog hais txog kev siv plastering nrog plastering txheej thickness ntawm 3 thiab 8 hli. Qhov kev tsim kho ntawm plastering no yog ib qho yooj yim kom poob dej vim yog cov txheej plastering nyias, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab lub zog. Rau cov mortar siv rau hom plastering no, nws cov dej tuav tsis pub tsawg dua 99%.
④Thick txheej plastering mortar
Cov txheej txheej plastering yog hais txog kev siv plastering qhov twg thickness ntawm ib txheej plaster yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 8mm thiab 20mm. Qhov kev tsim kho ntawm plastering no tsis yooj yim rau poob dej vim yog txheej plastering tuab, yog li cov dej tuav tus nqi ntawm plastering mortar yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 88%.
⑤ Water-resistant putty
Water-resistant putty yog siv los ua cov khoom siv plastering ultra-nyias, thiab kev tsim kho dav dav yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1 thiab 2 hli. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yuav tsum muaj cov dej tuav ruaj khov heev kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj zog ua haujlwm. Rau cov ntaub ntawv putty, nws cov dej tuav tus nqi yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 99%, thiab cov dej tuav tus nqi ntawm putty rau sab nrauv phab ntsa yuav tsum ntau dua li cov putty rau sab hauv phab ntsa.
4. Hom cov ntaub ntawv tuav dej
Cellulose ether
1) Methyl cellulose ether (MC)
2) Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC)
4) Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC)
5) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HEMC)
Starch ether
1) Hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether
2) Guar ether
Hloov kho cov dej ntxhia dej-tuav cov thickener (montmorillonite, bentonite, thiab lwm yam)
Tsib, cov hauv qab no tsom rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv
1. Cellulose ether
1.1 Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether yog cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau cov khoom lag luam tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkali cellulose thiab etherification tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv qee yam mob. Sib txawv cellulose ethers yog tau vim alkali fiber yog hloov los ntawm txawv etherification agents. Raws li cov khoom ionization ntawm nws cov khoom siv, cellulose ethers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ionic, xws li carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), thiab nonionic, xws li methyl cellulose (MC).
Raws li hom kev hloov pauv, cellulose ethers tuaj yeem muab faib ua monoethers, xws li methyl cellulose ether (MC), thiab sib xyaw ethers, xws li hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether (HECMC). Raws li cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv nws yaj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: dej-soluble thiab organic solvent-soluble.
1.2 Main cellulose ntau yam
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 0.4-1.4; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, monooxyacetic acid; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 0.7-1.0; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, monooxyacetic acid, ethylene oxide; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Methylcellulose (MC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 1.5-2.4; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, methyl chloride; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 1.3-3.0; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, ethylene oxide; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 1.5-2.0; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, ethylene oxide, methyl chloride; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 2.5-3.5; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, propylene oxide; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 1.5-2.0; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, propylene oxide, methyl chloride; dissolving hnyav, dej;
Ethyl cellulose (EC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 2.3-2.6; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, monochloroethane; dissolving hnyav, organic hnyav;
Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: 2.4-2.8; etherification tus neeg sawv cev, monochloroethane, ethylene oxide; dissolving hnyav, organic hnyav;
1.3 Cov khoom ntawm cellulose
1.3.1 Methyl Cellulose Ether (MC)
①Methylcellulose yog soluble hauv dej txias, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm PH = 3-12. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov pos hniav, thiab lwm yam thiab ntau surfactants. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog qhov kub thiab txias, gelation tshwm sim.
② Cov dej tuav ntawm methylcellulose nyob ntawm nws cov nyiaj ntxiv, viscosity, particle fineness thiab dissolution tus nqi. Feem ntau, yog tias qhov sib ntxiv yog qhov loj, qhov zoo me me, thiab cov viscosity loj, cov dej tuav tau siab. Ntawm lawv, qhov sib ntxiv muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tuav dej, thiab qhov qis tshaj plaws viscosity tsis ncaj qha rau theem ntawm kev tuav dej. Tus nqi dissolution feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho saum npoo ntawm cellulose hais thiab particle fineness. Ntawm cov cellulose ethers, methyl cellulose muaj cov dej tuav ntau dua.
③ Qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej tuav tus nqi ntawm methyl cellulose. Feem ntau, qhov kub thiab txias dua, qhov dej khaws cia tsis zoo. Yog hais tias lub mortar kub siab tshaj 40 ° C, cov dej tuav ntawm methyl cellulose yuav tsis zoo heev, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tsim kho ntawm mortar.
④ Methyl cellulose muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim kho thiab adhesion ntawm mortar. Qhov "adhesion" ntawm no yog hais txog cov nplaum nplaum ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov phab ntsa substrate, uas yog, shear resistance ntawm lub mortar. Adhesiveness yog siab, shearing kuj ntawm lub mortar yog loj, thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm xav tau ntau zog thaum siv, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub mortar yuav tsis zoo. Methyl cellulose adhesion yog nyob rau theem nrab hauv cellulose ether cov khoom.
1.3.2 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yog cov khoom siv fiber ntau uas nws cov khoom tsim tawm thiab kev noj tau nce sai hauv xyoo tas los no.
Nws yog non-ionic cellulose tov ether ua los ntawm refined paj rwb tom qab alkalization, siv propylene oxide thiab methyl chloride ua etherification agents, thiab los ntawm ib tug series ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog 1.5-2.0. Nws cov khoom sib txawv vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus methoxyl thiab hydroxypropyl cov ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus methoxyl siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hydroxypropyl, qhov kev ua tau zoo yog ze rau methyl cellulose; Cov ntsiab lus methoxyl qis thiab cov ntsiab lus hydroxypropyl siab, qhov kev ua tau zoo yog ze rau hydroxypropyl cellulose.
①Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yooj yim soluble hauv dej txias, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Tab sis nws qhov kub thiab txias hauv dej kub yog siab dua li ntawm methyl cellulose. Lub solubility hauv dej txias kuj zoo heev piv nrog methyl cellulose.
② Lub viscosity ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose muaj feem xyuam rau nws qhov hnyav molecular, thiab siab dua qhov hnyav molecular, qhov viscosity siab dua. Kub kuj cuam tshuam rau nws cov viscosity, thaum kub nce, viscosity txo. Tab sis nws cov viscosity tsawg cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias dua li methyl cellulose. Nws cov tshuaj yog ruaj khov thaum khaws cia ntawm chav tsev kub.
③ Cov dej tuav ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nyob ntawm nws cov nyiaj ntxiv, viscosity, thiab lwm yam, thiab nws cov dej tuav tus nqi raws li tus nqi sib ntxiv yog siab dua li ntawm methyl cellulose.
④Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub thiab alkali, thiab nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm PH = 2-12. Caustic soda thiab txiv qaub dej tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, tab sis alkali tuaj yeem ua kom nws tawg thiab ua kom nws viscosity me ntsis. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yog ruaj khov rau cov ntsev ntau, tab sis thaum lub concentration ntawm ntsev tov yog siab, lub viscosity ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose tov nyhav nce.
⑤Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose tuaj yeem tov nrog dej-soluble polymers los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem thiab pob tshab nrog viscosity siab dua. Xws li polyvinyl cawv, starch ether, zaub pos hniav, thiab lwm yam.
⑥ Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose muaj enzyme zoo dua li methylcellulose, thiab nws cov tshuaj tsis tshua muaj peev xwm degraded los ntawm enzymes dua li methylcellulose.
⑦ Cov adhesion ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose rau mortar siv yog siab dua li ntawm methylcellulose.
1.3.3 Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC)
Nws yog tsim los ntawm refined paj rwb kho nrog alkali, thiab reacted nrog ethylene oxide raws li etherification tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acetone. Qhov kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog 1.5-2.0. Nws muaj zog hydrophilicity thiab yooj yim rau nqus noo noo.
①Hydroxyethyl cellulose yog soluble hauv dej txias, tab sis nws nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Nws cov tshuaj yog ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj gelling. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ntev hauv qhov kub thiab txias hauv mortar, tab sis nws cov dej tuav qis dua li ntawm methyl cellulose.
②Hydroxyethyl cellulose ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub thiab alkali. Alkali tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm rau nws qhov kev sib cais thiab ua kom nws cov viscosity me ntsis. Nws dispersibility hauv dej yog me ntsis phem dua li ntawm methyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
③Hydroxyethyl cellulose muaj kev ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv sag rau mortar, tab sis nws muaj sijhawm ntev dua rau cov cement.
④ Kev ua tau zoo ntawm hydroxyethyl cellulose ua los ntawm qee lub tuam txhab hauv tsev yog pom tseeb qis dua li ntawm methyl cellulose vim nws cov ntsiab lus dej siab thiab cov hmoov tshauv siab.
1.3.4 Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) yog ua los ntawm ntuj fibers (paj rwb, hemp, thiab lwm yam) tom qab alkali kev kho mob, siv sodium monochloroacetate ua etherification tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab ua ib tug series ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev kho mob los ua ionic cellulose ether. Qib ntawm kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog 0.4-1.4, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
① Carboxymethyl cellulose yog hygroscopic heev, thiab nws yuav muaj cov dej ntau thaum khaws cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej.
②Hydroxymethyl cellulose aqueous kua yuav tsis tsim gel, thiab viscosity yuav txo nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 50 ℃, viscosity yog irreversible.
③ Nws ruaj khov heev cuam tshuam los ntawm pH. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv gypsum-raws li mortar, tab sis tsis yog hauv cov cement-based mortar. Thaum alkaline heev, nws poob viscosity.
④ Nws cov dej tuav tau qis dua li ntawm methyl cellulose. Nws muaj cov nyhuv retarding ntawm gypsum-raws li mortar thiab txo nws lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose yog qis dua li ntawm methyl cellulose.
2. Hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers feem ntau siv hauv mortars yog hloov kho los ntawm ntuj polymers ntawm qee cov polysaccharides. Xws li qos yaj ywm, pob kws, cassava, taum guar, thiab lwm yam yog hloov mus rau ntau yam hloov pauv hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers feem ntau siv hauv mortar yog hydroxypropyl starch ether, hydroxymethyl starch ether, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers hloov los ntawm qos yaj ywm, pob kws, thiab qos yaj ywm muaj cov dej tuav qis dua li cov cellulose ethers. Vim nws qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov kho, nws qhia tau tias sib txawv stability rau acid thiab alkali. Qee cov khoom tsim nyog siv rau hauv gypsum-based mortars, thaum lwm tus tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov cement-based mortars. Daim ntawv thov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether hauv mortar feem ntau yog siv los ua cov thickener los txhim kho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sagging ntawm mortar, txo cov adhesion ntawm cov khib nyiab ntub dej, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm qhib.
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog cellulose, uas ua rau cov khoom ntxiv thiab qhov zoo ntawm ob yam khoom. Txij li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether cov khoom lag luam pheej yig dua li cellulose ether, daim ntawv thov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether hauv mortar yuav ua rau txo qis ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab.
3. Guar cov pos hniav ether
Guar gum ether yog ib hom etherified polysaccharide nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, uas yog hloov kho los ntawm ntuj guar taum. Feem ntau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv etherification ntawm guar gum thiab acrylic functional pawg, ib tug qauv uas muaj 2-hydroxypropyl functional pawg yog tsim, uas yog ib tug polygalactomannose qauv.
① Piv nrog cellulose ether, guar gum ether yog yooj yim rau yaj hauv dej. PH yeej tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm guar gum ether.
② Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis tshua muaj viscosity thiab tsawg npaum li cas, cov pos hniav tuaj yeem hloov cellulose ether hauv qhov sib npaug, thiab muaj cov dej zoo sib xws. Tab sis qhov sib xws, anti-sag, thixotropy thiab lwm yam yog pom tseeb txhim kho.
③ Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov viscosity siab thiab ntau npaum li cas, guar cov pos hniav tsis tuaj yeem hloov cellulose ether, thiab kev sib xyaw siv ntawm ob yuav ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua.
④ Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov pos hniav hauv gypsum-raws li mortar tuaj yeem txo qhov adhesion thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho thiab ua rau kev tsim kho smoother. Nws tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab lub zog ntawm gypsum mortar.
⑤ Thaum cov pos hniav siv rau cov cement-based masonry thiab plastering mortar, nws tuaj yeem hloov cellulose ether hauv qhov sib npaug, thiab muab cov mortar zoo dua sagging, thixotropy thiab smoothness ntawm kev tsim kho.
⑥ Nyob rau hauv lub mortar uas muaj viscosity siab thiab siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej tuav tus neeg saib xyuas, guar gum thiab cellulose ether yuav ua hauj lwm ua ke kom ua tau zoo heev.
⑦ Guar cov pos hniav kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov khoom xws li cov nplais nplaum, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av tus kheej, dej-resistant putty, thiab polymer mortar rau phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev.
4. Hloov cov ntxhia dej-retaining thickener
Cov dej-retaining thickener ua los ntawm natural minerals los ntawm kev hloov kho thiab compounding tau siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb uas siv los npaj cov dej tuav cov thickeners yog: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, thiab lwm yam. Cov zaub mov no muaj qee yam dej tuav thiab thickening zog los ntawm kev hloov kho xws li coupling agents. Hom dej-retaining thickener siv rau mortar muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no.
① Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mortar zoo tib yam, thiab daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov cement mortar, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov mortar sib xyaw, thiab cov dej tsis zoo.
② Cov khoom siv khib nyiab nrog ntau qib sib txawv rau kev lag luam thiab pej xeem vaj tse tuaj yeem tsim.
③ Cov nqi khoom siv tsawg.
④ Cov dej tuav tau qis dua li cov khoom siv dej khaws cia, thiab cov nqi qhuav ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab yog qhov loj, thiab cov cohesiveness yog txo.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-03-2023