Qhuav hmoov mortar yog polymer qhuav mix mortar los yog qhuav hmoov prefabricated mortar. Nws yog ib hom cement thiab gypsum ua cov khoom siv hauv paus. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tsev sib txawv, cov hmoov qhuav lub tsev aggregates thiab additives yog ntxiv rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Nws yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tuaj yeem sib tov sib npaug, thauj mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho hauv lub hnab lossis hauv ntau, thiab tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tom qab ntxiv dej.
Cov khoom siv qhuav hmoov mortar xws li qhuav hmoov pobzeb nplaum, hmoov qhuav phab ntsa txheej, qhuav hmoov phab ntsa mortar, qhuav hmoov pob zeb, thiab lwm yam.
Qhuav hmoov mortar feem ntau muaj tsawg kawg yog peb yam: binder, aggregate, thiab mortar additives.
Raw khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhuav hmoov mortar:
1. Cov khoom siv mortar bonding
(1) Inorganic nplaum:
Inorganic adhesives xws li Portland cement, siab alumina cement, tshwj xeeb cement, gypsum, anhydrite, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Organic adhesives:
Organic nplaum feem ntau yog hais txog redispersible latex hmoov, uas yog cov hmoov polymer tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav (thiab xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog) ntawm polymer emulsion. Cov hmoov polymer qhuav thiab dej ua emulsion. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev qhuav dej dua, yog li cov khoom siv polymer tsim cov qauv ntawm lub cev hauv cov cement mortar, uas zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem polymer emulsion, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov kho cov cement mortar.
Raws li qhov sib txawv, kev hloov kho ntawm cov hmoov qhuav mortar nrog redispersible polymer hmoov tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog sib txuas nrog ntau lub substrates, thiab txhim kho qhov yooj yim, deformability, khoov lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm mortar, toughness, cohesion thiab ntom nrog rau cov dej tuav. muaj peev xwm thiab kev tsim kho.
Lub redispersible latex hmoov rau qhuav mix mortar feem ntau muaj xws li cov nram qab no hom: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Agregate:
Aggregates muab faib ua coarse aggregate thiab fine aggregate. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb. Nws tsuas yog ua raws li lub cev pob txha thiab txo qhov ntim qhov hloov pauv los ntawm qhov shrinkage thiab o ntawm cov khoom cementitious thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa thiab cov txheej txheem hardening, thiab nws kuj yog siv los ua cov khoom siv pheej yig rau cov khoom siv cementitious. Muaj natural aggregates thiab dag aggregates, cov qub xws li gravel, pebbles, pumice, ntuj xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam.; cov tom kawg xws li cinder, slag, ceramsite, nthuav perlite, thiab lwm yam.
3. Cov tshuaj mortar additives
(1) Cellulose ether:
Hauv cov khib nyiab qhuav, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cellulose ether yog tsawg heev (feem ntau 0.02%-0.7%), tab sis nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khib nyiab ntub dej, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim kho ntawm mortar.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav hmoov mortar, vim ionic cellulose tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm calcium ions, nws yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv qhuav hmoov cov khoom uas siv cov cement, slaked txiv qaub, thiab lwm yam raws li cov ntaub ntawv cementing. Hydroxyethyl cellulose kuj tseem siv rau hauv qee cov khoom siv hmoov qhuav, tab sis qhov sib faib tsawg heev.
Cov cellulose ethers siv nyob rau hauv qhuav hmoov mortar yog tsuas yog hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) thiab hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), hu ua MC.
MC yam ntxwv: Adhesiveness thiab kev tsim kho yog ob yam uas cuam tshuam rau ib leeg; dej tuav, kom tsis txhob evaporation sai ntawm cov dej, thiaj li hais tias lub thickness ntawm lub mortar txheej yuav txo tau ho.
(2) Anti-kab fiber ntau
Nws tsis yog ib qho kev tsim ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub los muab cov fibers rau hauv mortar li cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev tawg. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau siv cov fibers ntuj los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv rau qee cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv, xws li kev sib xyaw cov nroj tsuag fibers thiab cov txiv qaub mortar los tsim cov Tuam Tsev thiab cov tsev, siv hemp txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab av nkos los ua cov duab Buddha, siv cov nplej straw luv pob qij txha thiab cov av nkos daj. tsim tsev, siv tib neeg thiab tsiaj plaub hau los kho hearths, siv pulp fibers, txiv qaub, thiab gypsum pleev xim rau phab ntsa thiab ua ntau yam khoom gypsum, lwm tos. Ntxiv cov fibers rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov cement los ua cov fiber reinforced cement-based composites tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm xyoo tas los no.
Cov khoom siv cement, cov khoom siv lossis cov vaj tse yuav zam dhau los ua ntau qhov microcracks vim qhov kev hloov ntawm microstructure thiab ntim thaum lub sij hawm hardening txheej txheem ntawm cement, thiab yuav nthuav dav nrog cov kev hloov ntawm qhuav shrinkage, kub hloov, thiab lwm yam loads. Thaum raug rau sab nraud quab yuam, cov fibers ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txwv thiab cuam tshuam kev nthuav dav ntawm micro-cracks. Cov fibers yog criss-crossed thiab isotropic, haus thiab txo kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev thaiv cov kab nrib pleb.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov fibers tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav muaj qhov zoo, kev ua haujlwm siab, lub zog siab, tawg tsis kam, impermeability, tawg tsis kam, cuam tshuam tsis kam, khov-thaw kuj, hnav tsis kam, kev laus ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
(3) Dej txo tus neeg sawv cev
Dej reducer yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem txo cov dej sib tov thaum tuav cov pob zeb ntawm cov pob zeb tsis hloov pauv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov anionic surfactants, xws li lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab muab ntxiv rau cov pob zeb sib tov, nws tuaj yeem tawg cov cement hais, txhim kho nws cov kev ua haujlwm, txo cov dej haus, txhim kho fluidity ntawm cov pob zeb sib tov; los yog txo cov cement noj thiab txuag cov cement.
Raws li cov dej txo thiab ntxiv dag zog lub peev xwm ntawm cov dej txo tus neeg sawv cev, nws tau muab faib ua cov dej zoo tib yam txo tus neeg sawv cev (tseem hu ua plasticizer, cov dej txo qis tsis tsawg dua 8%, sawv cev los ntawm lignosulfonate), cov dej ua tau zoo. (tseem hu ua superplasticizer) Plasticizer, cov dej txo tus nqi tsis tsawg dua 14%, suav nrog naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov dej ua haujlwm siab. (dej txo tus nqi tsis tsawg tshaj li 25%, polycarboxylic acid Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm superplasticizer), thiab nws muab faib ua lub zog thaum ntxov, hom qauv thiab hom retarded.
Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws feem ntau muab faib ua: lignosulfonate-based superplasticizers, naphthalene-based superplasticizers, melamine-based superplasticizers, sulfamate-based superplasticizers, thiab fatty acid-based superplasticizers. Cov khoom siv dej, polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov dej txo tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov hmoov qhuav mortar muaj cov hauv qab no: cement self-leveling, gypsum self-leveling, mortar rau plastering, waterproof mortar, putty, thiab lwm yam.
Kev xaiv cov dej txo tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov khoom sib txawv.
(4) Starch ether
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether feem ntau yog siv hauv kev tsim mortar, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov sib xws ntawm mortar raws li gypsum, cement thiab txiv qaub, thiab hloov kev tsim kho thiab sag kuj ntawm mortar. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog cov tsis hloov pauv thiab hloov kho cellulose ethers. Nws yog haum rau ob qho tib si nruab nrab thiab alkaline systems, thiab yog sib xws nrog feem ntau additives nyob rau hauv gypsum thiab cement khoom (xws li surfactants, MC, starch thiab polyvinyl acetate thiab lwm yam dej-soluble polymers).
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether feem ntau nyob hauv: txhim kho sag kuj; txhim kho kev tsim kho; kev txhim kho mortar yield, feem ntau yog siv rau: xuas tes ua los yog tshuab-txhaj tshuaj mortar raws li cov cement thiab gypsum, caulk thiab nplaum; daim nplaum nplaum; masonry Tsim mortar.
Lus Cim: Kev noj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether nyob rau hauv mortar yog 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Lwm yam additives:
Tus neeg saib xyuas huab cua qhia txog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm micro-npuas thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, uas txo qhov nro ntawm cov mortar sib tov dej, yog li ua rau kom zoo dua dispersion thiab txo cov ntshav thiab segregation ntawm mortar-pob zeb. sib tov. Cov tshuaj ntxiv, feem ntau yog rog Sodium sulfonate thiab sodium sulfate, qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 0.005-0.02%.
Retarders feem ntau yog siv hauv gypsum mortars thiab gypsum-raws li kev sib koom ua ke. Nws yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo acids, feem ntau yog ntxiv rau ntawm 0.05% -0.25%.
Hydrophobic agents (dej repellent) tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub mortar, thaum lub mortar tseem qhib rau dej vapor mus rau diffuse. Hydrophobic polymer redispersible hmoov yog tsuas yog siv.
Defoamer, los pab tso tawm cov pa npuas entrained thiab generated thaum lub sij hawm mortar sib tov thiab kev tsim kho, txhim kho compressive zog, txhim kho nto qhov chaw, npaum li cas 0.02-0.5%.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-09-2023