Cov hom lus ntawm admixtures feem ntau siv hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke qhuav, cov tshuab ntawm kev ua, thiab lawv cov cawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv chlu. Kev txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm cov dej-tswj cov neeg sawv cev xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov puv nphia ntawm kev ua kom sib xyaw ua ke.
Admixtures ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav, tab sis ntxiv cov khoom siv tshuaj khib nyiab ntau dua li 40% ntawm Cov khoom raug nqi hauv cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav. Tam sim no, ib feem ntau ntawm admixture tau muab los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab txawv teb chaws, thiab cov kev siv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom kuj tau muab los ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus nqi cug cov khoom lag luam uas qhuav-sib xyaw tseem muaj siab, thiab nws nyuaj rau cov khoom lag luam Masonry thiab cov khoom siv plastering nrog cov khoom loj thiab dav; High-end kev lag luam khoom lag luam yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav sib xyaw muaj cov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj txiaj ntsig; Muaj tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus siab thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kws tshuaj, thiab cov qauv txawv teb chaws yog dig muag.
Raws li cov laj thawj saum toj no, cov ntawv txheeb xyuas thiab sib piv qee qhov yooj yim siv admixtures uas nquag siv los siv cov khoom lag luam qhuav-mixedures.
1 Dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev
Dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev yog qhov tseem ceeb admixature los txhim kho cov dej xaim ua kom huv, thiab nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb confixtures kom txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv colfle.
1. HydroxyPropylSyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC)
HydroxyPropyyl methylulose yog ib lo lus dav dav rau cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkali cellulose thiab tus sawv cev rau qee yam. Alkali cellulose yog hloov los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv kom tau txais cov kws muaj kev sib txawv cellulose. Raws li Ionization cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tuaj lwm tus neeg cellulose tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ionic (xws li methyl cellulose). Raws li hom hloov chaw, ether ether tuaj yeem faib ua monether (xws li hydrothpropyl methyl cellulose). Raws li txawvfility solubility, nws tuaj yeem faib ua dej-solible (xws li cellulose cellulose (xws li cellulle cellulose, thiab dej-soluble cellulose yog Faib rau hauv cov hom tseem ceeb thiab qhov muag tau kho kom tsawg dua.
Lub tshuab ntawm kev ua ntawm cellulose ether hauv cug tshuaj yog raws li hauv qab no:
(1) HydroxyPropropy yog methylcellulose yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej txias, thiab nws yuav ntsib teeb meem hauv cov dej kub. Tab sis nws gelation kub hauv dej kub yog qhov siab dua li ntawm methyl cellulose. Lub solubility hauv dej txias kuj tseem txhim kho piv nrog methyl cellulose.
(2) Lub viscosity ntawm hydroxypropyf methylcellulose muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov molecular hnyav, thiab qhov loj dua cov molecular hnyav, ntau dua viscosity. Qhov kub kuj cuam tshuam rau nws cov viscosity, raws li kub nce ntxiv, viscosity txo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov viscosity siab muaj qhov kub tsawg dua li methyl cellulose. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem yog ruaj khov thaum khaws cia ntawm chav tsev kub.
(3) Cov dej ua kom muaj zog ntawm hydroxypropylulose nyob ntawm nws tus nqi ntxiv, thiab nws cov dej khaws cia nyob rau hauv tib tus nqi yog siab dua li ntawm methyl cellulose.
(4) HydroxyPropyyl methylulose yog ruaj khov rau kua qaub thiab alkali, thiab nws cov kua aqueous yog qhov ruaj khov heev hauv cov ph = 2 ~ 12. Caustic dej qab zib thiab kua qaub muaj cov nyhuv me me rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo, tab sis alkali tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov kev sib cais thiab nce siab txog nws viscosity. HydroxyPropyyl methylulose yog ruaj khov rau cov ntsev ua kom zoo, tab sis thaum lub hom phiaj ntawm hydroxypropen methylropylulose kev daws teeb meem.
(5) HydroxyPropropy Metylcellulose tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov dej-soluble polymer sib txuas ua ke los ua cov khaub ncaws hnav thiab siab dua homphosity. Xws li cov dej cawv polyvinyl, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether, zaub cov pos hniav, thiab lwm yam.
(6) HydroxyPropyyl methylcelulose muaj cov enzyme tsis tshua zoo dua li methylcellose, thiab nws cov kev daws teeb meem tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov enzymes dua methylculose.
(7) cov nplaum ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose rau tshuaj tshuaj kho yog siab tshaj li methylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Tom qab lub r rwb rwb yog kho nrog alkali, cellulose ether yog tsim los ntawm cov kev tawm tsam nrog methane chloride li etherification tus neeg sawv cev. Feem ntau, cov qib degree hloov tau yog 1.6 ~ 2.0, thiab solubility kuj txawv degrees ntawm kev hloov pauv sib txawv. Nws zwm rau cov tsis muaj ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose yog soluble hauv dej txias, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj ntawm PH = 3 ~ 12. Nws muaj qhov sib xyaw zoo nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov pos hniav guar, thiab lwm yam thiab ntau surfactants. Thaum qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog qhov gelation kub, gelation tshwm sim.
(2) Cov dej tuav tseg ntawm methyl cellulose yog nyob ntawm nws cov nyiaj ntxiv, viscosity, particle txaus thiab ua kom kawg. Feem ntau, yog tias qhov nyiaj ntxiv yog qhov loj, lub fineness yog me me, thiab viscosity yog qhov loj, dej khaws cia siab dua yog siab. Ntawm lawv, tus nqi ntawm kev ntxiv yog qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau cov dej khaws nyiaj khaws cia, thiab theem viscosity tsis ncaj qha rau cov qib dej khaws nyiaj khaws cia. Qhov kev sib cais feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov qib ntawm kev hloov kho saum npoo ntawm cov cellulose thiab particle txaus. Ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellulose saum toj no, methyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl cellulose muaj cov dej rov qab ua haujlwm dua.
(3) Kev hloov pauv qhov kub yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej tuav ntawm tus nqi methyl ntawm methyl polulose. Feem ntau, qhov ntsuas kub siab dua, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej khaws cia. Yog tias cug cug Kub tshaj 40 ° C, cov dej tuav tseg ntawm methyl cellulose yuav raug txo qis, muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuaj khib.
(4) Methyl cellulose muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho thiab nplaum ntawm cug. Qhov "adhesion" ntawm no yog hais txog lub zog nplaum tau hnov ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm cov cuab tam thiab phab ntsa substrate, uas yog, cov shear tiv thaiv ntawm lub cug. Cov nplaum yog qhov siab, cov shear tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog loj, thiab lub zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog loj, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuaj khib yog neeg pluag. Methyl cellulose adhesion yog nyob rau theem qib hauv cellulose ether.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov paj rwb reched kho nrog alkali, thiab siv nrog ethylene oxide raws li etherification tus neeg sawv cev hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acetone. Qib kawm ntawv hloov chaw yog feem ntau 1.5 ~ 2.0. Nws muaj muaj zog hydrophilicity thiab yog yooj yim los nqus dej noo.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yog soluble hauv dej txias, tab sis nws yog qhov nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem yog ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab tsis muaj kev sib cav. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ntev nyob rau hauv lub siab ntev nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj khib, tab sis nws cov dej khaws cia yog qis dua ntawm methyl cellulose.
(2) hydroxyethyl cellulose yog ruaj khov rau dav dav acid thiab alkali. Alkali tuaj yeem nrawm nws qhov kev sib cais thiab ua kom nce me ntsis nws viscosity. Nws qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg hauv dej yog ib qho tsis zoo me ntsis dua li methyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Cov.
(3) hydroxyethyl cellulose muaj qhov zoo anti-sag kev ua haujlwm rau tshuaj khib, tab sis nws muaj sijhawm retarding ntev dua rau cov cement.
(4) Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm hydroxyethyl cellulose cellulose tau ua los ntawm qee cov lag luam hauv tsev nyob yog qhov qis dua ntawm methyl cellulose vim nws cov ntsiab lus hauv dej siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tshauv.
Starch ether
Starch cov neeg muaj kev paub siv nyob rau hauv kev nplua nuj tau hloov kho los ntawm ntuj los polymers ntawm qee polysaccharides. Xws li cov qos yaj ywm, pob kws, Cassaging, Guar taum thiab lwm yam.
1. Hloov kho Starch
Starch ether hloov kho los ntawm qos yaj ywm, pob kws, Cassaging, thiab lwm yam. Cov dej qis dua li cellulose ether. Vim muaj kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm kev hloov kho, cov ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub thiab alkali txawv. Qee cov khoom lag luam yog tsim nyog rau siv nyob rau hauv gypsum-portars, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov cement-raws li Mement-raws li Fesss. Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether hauv cug tshuaj khib feem ntau yog txhim kho cov tshuaj khib, txo cov nplaum ntawm lub sijhawm qhib.
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab feem ntau siv ua ke nrog cellulose, kom cov khoom thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob hom khoom no tau sib txuam. Txij li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether cov khoom lag luam muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether ether shock yuav coj ntawm qhov kev txo qis hauv tus nqi tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj.
2. Guar gas ether
Gasar pos hniav ether yog hom hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, uas tau hloov kho los ntawm cov noob guar. Feem ntau los ntawm lub etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pos hniav uas muaj Acrylicional, tus qauv uas muaj 2-hydroxyprropyl pab pawg yog tsim, uas yog polygalactCactAlomannose qauv.
(1) piv nrog cov cellulose ether, guar pos hniav ether yog ntau soluble hauv dej. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p yog qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
(2) Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev mob viscosity qis thiab cov tshuaj qis, cov hnab gamital yuav hloov tau cellulose ether hauv ib qho kev sib npaug, thiab muaj dej sib npaug. Tab sis qhov sib xws, tiv thaiv, thixotropy thiab yog li ntawd yog hloov kho kom meej.
(3) Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm siab viscosity thiab ntau npaum li cas ntau ntau, cov pos hniav gamenose tsis tuaj yeem hloov ob qho kev siv ob yuav tsim tau zoo dua qub.
(4) Daim ntawv thov cov tshuaj gavar hauv gypsum-raws li cug yuav tau txo cov adhesion thaum lub sijhawm kev tsim kho thiab ua kom zoo dua. Nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm teeb tsa lub sijhawm thiab lub zog ntawm Gypsum tshuaj khib.
3. Hloov cov ntxhia cov ntxhia-khaws cov thickener
Cov dej-khaws cov tuab khaws cia ua cov zaub mov muaj ntuj los ntawm kev hloov kho thiab sib sau ua ke tau thov hauv Suav teb. Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb tau siv los npaj cov dej ua kom tuab yog: sepiolite, bentmorillonite, kaolin, etc. Cov zaub mov no los ntawm kev hloov kho xws li coupking cov neeg sawv cev. Qhov dej no-khaws cov ntaub pua plag no rau tshuaj khib muaj cov cwj pwm hauv qab no.
(1) Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cug cug, thiab daws cov teeb meem tsis zoo ntawm coluted, thiab dej tsis zoo.
(2) Tshuaj tshuaj khib khoom nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov qib muaj zog rau kev lag luam dav dav thiab cov tsev pej xeem tuaj yeem tsim.
(3) Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov qis dua li ntawm cellulose ether thiab starch ether.
(4) Cov dej rov qab yog qis dua li ntawm Organic dej tswj hwm tus neeg saib xyuas, tus nqi qhuav ntawm lub npov npaj tau loj dua, thiab cohesiveness yog txo.
Recispersible polymer roj hmab hmoov
Cov roj hmab recispersible roj hmab hmoov yog ua tiav los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav ntawm cov polymer tshwj xeeb emulsion. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev ua, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, anti-cog neeg sawv cev, thiab lwm yam. Ua cov quav tsis tau. Cov roj hmab qhuav yog qee qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm 80 ~ 100mm tau sib sau ua ke. Cov lus no yog soluble hauv dej thiab tsim ib qho ruaj khov me ntsis loj dua li cov khoom emulsion qub. Qhov kev sib cais no yuav ua ib zaj duab xis tom qab lub cev qhuav dej thiab ziab. Zaj duab xis no yog ua tsis tau raws li cov yeeb yaj kiab emulsion dav dav, thiab yuav tsis redisperse thaum nws ntsib dej. Kev faib tawm.
Cov roj hmab recispersible tuaj yeem muab faib ua: styrene-butadiene copolymer, silicone acidor acid copolymer, silicone, ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam kis tau. Kev ntsuas kev hloov kho txawv ua rau cov roj hmab recispersible roj hmab muaj ntau yam li dej tsis kam, huab cua tsis kam thiab hloov tau. Muaj cov yas nkauj muag thiab silicone, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj hmab hmoov muaj cov khoom siv hydrophicity zoo. Heev branly vinyl tertiary carbonate nrog tus nqi tg muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg thiab kev hloov pauv tau zoo.
Thaum cov hmoov roj hmab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshuaj khib, lawv txhua tus muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov cement, tab sis cov nyhuv qeeb dua li cov ntawv thov ncaj qha ntawm cov emulsions zoo sib xws. Hauv kev sib piv, styrene-butadiene muaj qhov loj tshaj retarding nyhuv, thiab ethylene-vinyl acetate muaj cov nyhuv retardate me me. Yog tias cov tshuaj tsawg heev, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cultaw tsis pom tseeb.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Apr-03-2023